Access Modifiers in C#

 

 

Access Modifiers / Specifiers:

 

C# Access modifiers or specifiers are the keywords that are used to specify accessibility or scope of types

(Class, interfaces, variables, properties and methods etc.)

in the C# application.

 

It is used when you don’t want other programs to see the properties or methods of a class.

 

Access modifiers restrict access so that other programs cannot see the properties or methods of a class.

 

Access specifier is just to control the visibility of a member.

 

In C#, there are 5 basic types of access modifiers.

 

1.   public

2.   private

3.   protected

4.   internal

5.   protected internal

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.  Public:

When we declare a type or type member public, it can be accessed from anywhere.

 

There are no restrictions on accessing public members.

 

This access modifier has the most permissive access level in comparison to all other access modifiers.

 

Syntax:

public TypeName

TypeName - class, properties, methods, interfaces, variables etc.

 

2.  Private:

 

When we declare a type member with the private access modifier, it can only be accessed within the same class or struct.

Any other class inside the current or another assembly is not granted access to these members.

Private access is the least permissive access level.

 

Syntax:

private TypeName

 

 

 

3.  Protected:

When we declare a type member as protected, it can only be accessed from the same class and its derived classes.

 

It means a class which is the subclass of the containing class anywhere in the program can access the protected members.

 

A protected member of a base class is accessible in a derived class only if the access takes place through the derived class type.

 

Syntax:

protected TypeName

 

4.  Internal:

When we declare a type or type member as internal, it can be accessed only within the same assembly.

Internal members are accessible only within files in the same assembly (.dll).

Access is limited to only the current Assembly, that is any class or type declared as internal is accessible anywhere inside the same namespace. It is the default access modifier in C#.

Syntax:

internal TypeName

 

 

 

 

 

5.  protected internal:

the protected internal is a combination of protected and internal access modifiers.

 

When we declare a member protected internal, it can be accessed from the same assembly and the derived class of the containing class from any other assembly.

 

The protected internal accessibility means protected OR internal, not protected AND internal.

 

Syntax:

protected internal TypeName.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Real Life Examples:

 

Example1:

 

 

i)                  Owner  à public.

ii)               Company 1 and Company 2 à internal

iii)            Departments à private

iv)            Manager  à Protected

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Example2:

 

The moon - any one can see and any one can talk about it  --public

Television - only person at home can watch, but outsiders can't. - internal

 

Bike - any person at home can ride, and if necessary child can take it out of hometown. - protected.

 

Chequebook - only I can use - private.

 

 

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