Conditional Statement in C#

 

Condition Statement:

A statement that can be executed based on a condition is known as a “Conditional Statement”.

 

The statement is often a block of code.

 

The following are the 2 types:

Conditional Branching.

Conditional Looping.

 

 

 

 

Conditional Branching:

This statement allows you to branch your code depending on whether or not a certain condition is met.

 

In C# are the following conditional branching statements:

 

1.   if statement.

 

2.   if-else statement.

 

3.   if-else-if ladder statement.

 

4.   Nested if statement.

 

5.   switch case statement.

 

Here if, else and switch are pre-defined keywords.

 

 

 

 

1.  if Statement:

If statement checks the given Boolean condition.

If the Boolean condition evaluates to be true then the block of code/statements will execute otherwise not.

 

Syntax:  

if (condition)

     { 

         //code to be executed if condition is true.

     } 

 

Note:

If the curly brackets { } are not used with if statements than the statement just next to it is only considered associated with the if statement.

 

Example:  

if (condition)

   Statement 1;

Statement 2;

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.  if-else Statement:

The C# if-else statement also tests the condition. It executes the if block if condition is true otherwise else block is executed.

 

 

Syntax:

If (condition)

{ 

//code if condition is true 

}

else

{ 

//code if condition is false 

} 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.   if – else – if ladder Statement:

The if-else-if ladder statement executes one condition from multiple statements.

The execution starts from top and checked for each if condition.

The statement of if block will be executed which evaluates to be true.

If none of the if condition evaluates to be true then the last else block is evaluated.

Syntax: 

        if(condition1)

        { 

            // code to be executed if condition1 is true 

        }

        else if(condition2)

        { 

            // code to be executed if condition2 is true 

        } 

        else if(condition3)

        { 

            // code to be executed if condition3 is true 

        } 

       

        else

        {

            // code to be executed if all the conditions are false 

        } 

 

 

 

 

4. Nested – If Statement

if statement inside an if statement is known as nested if.

if statement in this case is the target of another if or else statement.

When more than one condition needs to be true and one of the condition is the sub-condition of parent condition, nested if can be used.

Syntax:  

if (condition1)

        {

             // code to be executed

             // if condition2 is true

             if (condition2)

             {

                 // code to be executed

                 // if condition2 is true

             }

              else

               {

                     //code to be executed

                }

        }

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5.  switch case Statement:

 

vC# switch case statement is a selection statement.

 

vThe C# switch statement is an alternate to using the C# if else statement when there are more than a few options.

 

vThe switch case statement is checked for different cases and the one match is executed.

 

vThere is default case (optional) at the end of switch, if none of the case matches then default case is executed.

 

vC# switch statement pairs with one or more case blocks and a default block.

 

vThe break in switch statement is used to terminate or exit the current sequence.

 

vThe switch expression is of integer type such as int, char, byte, or short, or of an enumeration type, or of string type. The expression is checked for different cases and the one match is executed.

 

vIn C#, duplicate case values are not allowed.

vThe data type of the variable in the switch and value of a case must be of the same type.

 

vThe value of a case must be a constant or a literal.

vVariables are not allowed.

 

vThe default statement is optional and it can be used anywhere inside the switch statement.

 

vMultiple default statements are not allowed.

 

vNested Switch case are allowed in C#. In this case, switch is present inside other switch case. Inner switch is present in one of the cases in parent switch.

 

 

Why do we use Switch Statements instead of if-else statements?

We use a switch statement instead of if-else statements because if-else statement only works for a small number of logical evaluations of a value.

 

If you use if-else statement for a larger number of possible conditions then, it takes more time to write and process and also become difficult to read.

 

vThe advantage of using switch over if...else if statement is the codes will look much cleaner and readable with switch.

 

The syntax of switch statement is:

switch (variable/expression)

{

 case value1:

// Statements executed if expression/variable = value1

        break;

case value2:

 // Statements executed if expression = value1

        break;

    ... ... ...

    ... ... ...

 default:

// Statements executed if no case matches

}

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